In this document, Hakluyt outlined particular points highlighting the benefits of colonization for the English people. in history, and a doctoral degree in interdisciplinary studies with a focus on early modern Scotland. He became acquainted with the most important sea captains and merchants of England and . As he writes in the Epistle Dedicatorie to The Principall Navigations, his cousin spoke to him of recent discoveries and of the new opportunities for trade and showed him certeine bookes of Cosmographie, with an universall Mappe. His imagination thus stirred, the schoolboy had thereupon resolved to prosecute that knowledge and kinde of literature at the university. That this voyage will be a great bridle to the Indies of the king of Spaine and a means that we may arrest at our pleasure for the space of time weeks or three months every year, one or two hundred sail of his subjects shipped at the fishing in Newfoundland. These latter writings, together with a few letters, are the only extant material out of which a biography of him can be framed. April 8, 2021. https://ivypanda.com/essays/english-colonization-of-america-in-hakluyts-view/. Hakluyt posits that religion plays a fundamental role in matters related to colonization since it ceases to be a peripheral concern. The pension would have lapsed in 1583, but William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley, intervened to have it extended until 1586 to aid Hakluyt's geographical research.[10]. Means to keep this enterprise from overthrow and the enterprisers from shame and dishonor. You can use them for inspiration, an insight into a particular topic, a handy source of reference, or even just as a template of a certain type of paper. He also mentioned that ''this enterprise will be for the manifold employment of numbers of idle men'', which would bring great relief to those who without work. That this enterprise will be for the manifold employment of numbers of idle men, and for breeding of many sufficient, and for utterance of the great quantity of the commodities of our Realm. Corrections? ?died Nov. 23, 1616, England), British geographer. Retrieved from https://ivypanda.com/essays/english-colonization-of-america-in-hakluyts-view/. EN. It will also propel the opening of new markets. [10] By the time of his death, he had amassed a small fortune out of his various emoluments and preferments, of which the last was the clergy house of Gedney, Lincolnshire, presented to him by his younger brother Oliver in 1612. 2021. It contains thousands of paper examples on a wide variety of topics, all donated by helpful students. The displacement of catholic Spain in the colonial race and substituting it with Protestant England is of critical importance. In 1588 Hakluyt finally returned to England with Douglas Sheffield, Baroness Sheffield, after a residence in France of nearly five years. The inter-European rivalry appears to be the main theme in this literature. He argues that the expansion will not just provide England with peace. [25] The translation may also have been part of the propaganda encouraging English people to settle in Virginia. IvyPanda. [14], Hakluyt died on 23 November 1616, probably in London, and was buried on 26 November in Westminster Abbey;[5][27] by an error in the abbey register his burial is recorded under the year 1626. Besides, the occupation of key ports will enhance commercial activities since England will charge duties and control high-traffic regions. That all other English trades are grown beggerly or dangerous, especially in all the king of Spain his Dominions, where our men are driven to fling their Bibles and prayer Books into the sea, and to forswear and renounce their religion and conscience and consequently their obedience to her Majestie. These works were a fertile source of material for William Shakespeare[4] and other authors. The two would later co-operate to convince the English crown to invest in overseas ventures. A brief collection of certain reasons to induce her Majestie and the state to take in hand the western voyage and the planting there. The most comprehensive portrait yet of Richard Hakluyt, indefatigable promoter of English colonization in America Richard Hakluyt the younger, a contemporary of William Shakespeare, advocated the creation of English colonies in the New World at a time when the advantages of this idea were far from self-evident. "[3] Some of Hakluyt's ancestors established themselves at Yatton in Herefordshire,[4][5][6] and must have ranked amongst the principal landowners of the county. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you (2021) 'English Colonization of America in Hakluyt's View'. Create an account to start this course today. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Richard-Hakluyt, History Today - The Architect of English Expansion, Encyclopedia of Virginia - Biography of Richard Hakluyt, Richard Hakluyt - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), Divers Voyages Touching the Discouerie of America, The Principal Navigations, Voyages and Discoveries of the English Nation, Haklvytvs Posthumus; or, Pvrchas His Pilgrimes. Grotius also argued that the seas should be freely navigable by all, which was useful since the England to Virginia route crossed seas which the Portuguese claimed. He attempted to convince Elizabeth I, who was the Queen of England at the time, to fund colonizing efforts with a treatise entitled Discourse on Western Planting. Hakluyt revisited England in 1584, and laid a copy of the Discourse before Elizabeth I (to whom it had been dedicated) together with his analysis in Latin of Aristotle's Politicks. A brief collection of certain reasons to induce her Majestie and the state to take in hand the western voyage and the planting there. The conception of race depicted by Hakluyt emanates from specific circumstances, including the institution of slavery, among other historical parameters. Create your account. In 1612 Hakluyt became a charter member of the North-west Passage Company. In this document, Hakluyt outlined particular points highlighting the benefits of colonization for the English people. When Richard Hakluyt was forty years old, he sat one day in his study in London with a walrus tusk in his hands. What type of colonization does Hakluyt imagine occurring? "[11] Entering Christ Church, Oxford,[12] in 1570 with financial support from the Skinners' Company,[10] "his exercises of duty first performed,"[11] he set out to read all the printed or written voyages and discoveries that he could find. He made a point of becoming acquainted with the most important sea captains, merchants, and sailors of England. English author, editor and translator (15531616), It has been suggested that the Hakluyts were originally, "Richard Hakluyt", 13 in pt. The burial register merely states that Hakluyt was buried "in the Abbey" without giving an exact location, and there is no monument or gravestone: personal e-mail communication on 10 May 2007 with Miss Christine Reynolds, Assistant Keeper of Muniments, Westminster Abbey Library. Hakluyt's other works during his time in Paris consisted mainly of translations and compilations, with his own dedications and prefaces. Richard Hakluyt lived at the time when the first phase of the Age of Discovery, during which mainly Southern Europeans attempted to discover a new route from Europe to Asia, was coming to an end and the era of Northern European exploration began. 12 (11thed.). Hakluyts family was of some social standing in the Welsh Marches and held property at Eaton. Instead, he stressed the importance of occupation, which was favourable to the English as they and not the Spanish had occupied Virginia. 4. In twenty-one chapters, summarized here, Hakluyt emphasized the many benefits that England would receive by creating colonies in the Americas. About this time he married Duglesse Cavendish, a relative of Thomas Cavendish, the circumnavigator, and was appointed to the parish of Wetheringsett in Suffolk. An answer to the Bull of the Donation of all the west Indies granted to the kings of Spain by Pope Alexander the VI who was himself a Spaniard borne. What made them exciting? Richard Hakluyt, (born c. 1552, London?died November 23, 1616, England), English geographer noted for his political influence, his voluminous writings, and his persistent promotion of Elizabethan overseas expansion, especially the colonization of North America. Without his urging, the English might have been content to rest in their foggy off-shore island while the Spaniards and Portuguese divided the world between them. Richard Hakluyt, A Discourse Concerning Western Planting, Written in the Year 1584, Charles Deane, ed. Richard Hakluyt, a remarkable clergyman-scholar-geographer who lies buried in Westminster Abby, deserves high rank among the indirect founding fathers of the United States. An answer to the Bull of the Donation of all the west Indies granted to the kings of Spain by Pope Alexander the VI who was himself a Spaniard borne. Religious motivations can be traced all the way back to the Crusades, the series of religious wars between the 11th and 15th centuries during which European Christians sought to claim Jerusalem as an exclusively Christian space. His utilitarian attitude and indifference against the Spanish population clearly depicts the rivalry and points out how England would gain a lot from their defeat. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. IV of, This page was last edited on 30 March 2023, at 03:18. Both of his parents died when he was quite young, leaving Richard and his siblings in the care of an older cousin. [29], Hakluyt is principally remembered for his efforts in promoting and supporting the settlement of North America by the English through his writings. Besides, he believes that colonization should entail friendship or familiarity. April 8, 2021. https://ivypanda.com/essays/english-colonization-of-america-in-hakluyts-view/. Hakluyt understood that in order for England to be successful and remain powerful, they would need to find new markets in which to trade goods. Hakluyts reflects on the importance of planting seeds of faith in the hearts of American natives as a means of colonizing them. The increase of the force of the Christians. As Hakluyt points out, the desire for peace, change, stability, and economic wellness of England is the driving force for robust territorial possession. Hakluyt's other works synthesized information providing maps and documents that allowed for many others to obtain vital information. 8". Because of these connections, and his own expertise in overseas trade and economics, the man was well placed to assist young Richard in his life work. That this western discoverie will be greatly for the enlargement of the gospel of Christ whereunto the Princes of the reformed religion are chiefly bound amongst whom her Majestie is principally. Richard Hakluyt, Reasons For Colonization, 1585 - Read more about rivers, commodities, vent, sundry, thence and hakluyt. These views are first set out in the preface he wrote to John Florios translation of an account of Jacques Cartiers voyage to Canada, which he induced Florio to undertake, and are further developed in his first important work, Divers Voyages Touching the Discouerie of America (1582). The Discourse, a secret report, was not printed until 1877. degree in 1577. While at one point he petitioned for and received a grant to travel to America he did not, in the . IvyPanda. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. He gave information to the newly formed East India Company and continued his interest in the North American colonizing project; he was one of the chief promoters of the petition to the crown for patents to colonize Virginia in 1606 and at one point contemplated a voyage to the colony. This was The Principall Navigations, Voiages and Discoveries of the English Nation, which, by its scholarship and comprehensiveness, transcended all geographical literature to date; the first edition, in one volume, appeared in 1589. Hakluyt also encouraged the production of geographical and historical writings by others. His were language and geography. In 1606 he appears as the chief promoter of the petition to James I for letters patent to colonise Virginia, which were granted on 10 April 1606. How does inter-European rivalry figures into this text? [23][26] Hakluyt's handwritten manuscript, MS Petyt 529, in Inner Temple Library in London was eventually published as The Free Sea for the first time in 2004. What is the importance of religion in Hakluyts case for colonization? The increase of the force of the Christians. [5][8], Richard Hakluyt, the second of four sons, was born in Eyton in Herefordshire in 1553. Indigenous people are also portrayed as laborers who are supposed to produce goods and act as fighters against enemies of England. In support of Walter Raleighs colonizing project in Virginia, he prepared a report, known briefly as Discourse of Western Planting (written in 1584), which set out very forcefully the political and economic benefits from such a colony and the necessity for state financial support of the project. Hakluyt dedicated to Cecil the second (1599) and third volumes (1600) of the expanded edition of Principal Navigations and also his edition of Galvo's Discoveries (1601). Urging their countrymen to join in the race for the colonization of the New World were two men, an uncle and his nephew, each named Richard Hakluyt. Why European States Wanted to Colonize the World? This book describes in detail the life and times of Hakluyt, a trained minister who . natural reason.15 The elder Richard Hakluyt was the first of a long series 15 Sir George Peckham, A true reporte, of . This implies that they are used to advance the ideals of the English population. However, the risk was great for everyone involved and in the case of England, encouragement was needed. It was at Hakluyt's suggestion that Robert Parke translated Juan Gonzlez de Mendoza's The History of the Great and Mighty Kingdom of China and the Situation Thereof (15881590),[30] John Pory made his version of Leo Africanus's A Geographical Historie of Africa (1600),[31] and P. Erondelle translated Marc Lescarbot's Nova Francia (1609). Hakluyt's friend Alexander Woodson had sent the foot-and-half-long tusk to Hakluyt from his home in Bristol, about one hundred miles west of London. What is the importance of Richard Hakluyt to the history of early English colonization then? Hakluyt's Benefits of Colonization. This, the prose epic of the English nation, is more than a documentary history of exploration and adventure; with tales of daring it mingles historical, diplomatic, and economic papers to establish English right to sovereignty at sea and to a place in overseas settlement. with the order thereof and other reasons therewithal alleged. His father died when Richard was five years old, leaving his family to the care of a cousin, another Richard Hakluyt, a lawyer who had many friends among prominent city merchants, geographers, and explorers of the day. We will write a custom Essay on English Colonization of America in Hakluyts View specifically for you for only 11.00 9.35/page. He also became a minister in the Church of England. What arguments does Hakluyt present in making a case for colonization? Sometimes reading about a foreign lands makes us yearn to know more about it. [20], Hakluyt was married twice, once in or about 1594[5] and again in 1604. According to Hakluyt, colonization will enable England to expand its markets to the New World. c. 1552-1616. Hakluyt is a firm believer of colonization owing to the nationalistic, social, and economic benefits it might bring to England. His interest in geography and travel had been aroused on a visit to the Middle Temple, one of the four English legal societies, while in his early teens. The possibility of the enlarging of the dominions of the Queen's Most Excellent Majesty, and consequently of her honour, revenues, and of her power by this enterprise. Some time before 1580 he took holy orders, and, though he never shirked his religious duties, he spent considerable time reading whatever accounts he could find about contemporary voyages and discoveries. That the passage in this voyage is easy and short, that it cutteth not near the trade of any other mighty Princes, nor near their Countries, that it is to be performed at all tymes of the year, and needeth but one kind of wind, that Ireland being full of good heavens on the south and west sides, is the nearest part of Europe to it, which by this trade shall be in more security, and the sooner drawn to more Civility. IvyPanda, 8 Apr. Around that time he became a minister. [book review]", "History and Objectives of the Hakluyt Society", "Virgin territories [review of Peter C. Mancall's, "America's debt to a forgotten hero: As the 400th anniversary of Jamestown nears, its spiritual father is being unjustly ignored", "Your letters: Hakluyt has not been forgotten", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard_Hakluyt&oldid=1147310286, People educated at Westminster School, London, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 1911 Encyclopdia Britannica, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, "Richard Hakluyt," 13 in pt. While he did not have the opportunity to travel around the world, he was able to live in France for five years as the chaplain to Sir Edward Stafford. In a number of popular pamphlets they made the . But it is the Voyages that remains his memorial. That this action will be greatly for the increase, maintenance and safety of our Navy, and especially of great shipping which is the strength of our Realm, and for the supportation of all those occupations that depend upon the same. Hakluyt was not blind to the profits arising from foreign trade. Vol. Richard Hakluyt of Oxford . Kathleen Halecki possesses a B.A. In the preface to this he announced the intended publication of the first terrestrial globe made in England by Emery Molyneux. I feel like its a lifeline. Hakluyt was concerned with the activities of Sir Humphrey Gilbert and Martin Frobisher, who were both searching for a passage to the East; was consulting Abraham Ortelius, compiler of the worlds first atlas, and Gerardus Mercator, the Flemish mapmaker, on cosmographical problems; and was gaining approval for future overseas exploration from such politically prominent men as Lord Burghley, Sir Francis Walsingham, and Sir Robert Cecil. 808 certified writers online. It is evident that religion can be used to colonize the native people by championing the ideals of peace and God while exploiting resources at the same time. 2021, ivypanda.com/essays/english-colonization-of-america-in-hakluyts-view/. He supported English colonization for the better part of his life, at least from 1580 until his death. Richard Hakluyt used this document to persuade Queen Elizabeth I to devote more money and energy into encouraging English colonization. Richard Hakluyt, Reasons For Colonization, 1585 - ETTC. In Hakluyt's argument for colonization, religious considerations are entwined with political and economic ones. That this action will be greatly for the increase, maintenance and safety of our Navy, and especially of great shipping which is the strength of our Realm, and for the supportation of all those occupations that depend upon the same. Omissions? He also remarked that it would greatly annoy the Spanish king that England was encroaching upon land that Spain wanted for itself. That this western voyage will yield unto us all the commodities of Europe, Africa, and Asia, as far as we were wont to travel, and supply the wants of all our decayed trades. A clergyman, he gave public lectures and became the first professor of modern geography at the University of Oxford. Encyclopdia Britannica. must. He regards the native people as resources which England can use to serve her self-interest. However, Hakluyt argues that this type of colonization is not acceptable, legal, or moral. In his publications, Hakluyt mentioned such reasons for the English colonization of America as: Richard Hakluyt (1552?1616) was an English geographer and minister. Knowing so many languages helped him to read all types of works that recorded the adventures of travelers. Hakluyt was educated at Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford. After his father's death, Haklyut's cousin, Richard Hakluyt the Elder, took him under his care. When Richard Hakluyt was forty years old, he sat one day in his study in London with a walrus tusk in his hands. A particular discourse concerning the great necessity and manifold commodities that are like to grow to this Realm of England by the Western discoveries lately attempted, Written In the year 1584 by Richard Hakluyt of Oxford at the request and direction of the right worshipful Mr. Walter Raleigh now Knight, before the coming home of his Two Barks: and is divided into xxi chapters, the Titles whereof follow in the next leaf. In 1613 appeared the Pilgrimage of Samuel Purchas, another clergyman fascinated with the new discoveries of the age. [33], A 14-volume critical edition of Hakluyt's Principal Navigations is being prepared by the Hakluyt Edition Project for Oxford University Press under the general editorship of Daniel Carey, National University of Ireland, Galway, and Claire Jowitt, University of East Anglia.[34]. Richard Hakluyt makes the case for English colonization, 1584 Richard Hakluyt used this document to persuade Queen Elizabeth I to devote more money and energy into encouraging English colonization. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. We utilize security vendors that protect and [17] This work contains an exceedingly-rare copperplate map dedicated to Hakluyt and signed F.G. (supposed to be Francis Gualle); it is the first on which the name "Virginia" appears.[14]. A note of some things to be prepared for the voyage which is set down rather to draw the takers of the voyage in hande to the present consideration then for any other reason for that diverse things require preparation long before the voyage, without which the voyage is maimed. Richard Hakluyt, A Discourse Concerning Western Planting, Written in the Year 1584, Charles Deane, ed. What special means may bring kinge Phillippe from his high Throne, and make him equal to the Princes his neighbours, wherewithal is showed his weakness in the west Indies. His knowledge kept England abreast of events and journeys being undertaken by other foreign powers. Catholicism had always justified Spanish conquest, and colonization always carried religious imperatives. In twenty-one chapters, summarized here, Hakluyt emphasized the many benefits that England would receive by creating colonies in the Americas. This can be interpreted to mean understanding the weaknesses and strengths of the colonized. The year was 1591 or 1592. ), David Armitage (ed.) It has been asserted that the income of the East India Company was increased by 20,000 through a study of Hakluyts Voyages. In 1583 Walsingham, then one of the most important secretaries of state, sent Hakluyt to Paris as chaplain to Sir Edward Stafford, the English ambassador there. "English Colonization of America in Hakluyt's View." Learn about the English scholar Richard Hakluyt and his reasons for colonization and exploration. Richard Hakluyt (1552-1616) No account of Elizabethan exploration is complete without mentioning Hakluyt. That speedy planting in diverse fit places is most necessary upon these lucky western discoveries for fear of the danger of being prevented by other nations which have the like intentions, with the order thereof and other reasons therewithal alleged. His attitude towards the enemies of England clearly brings out pervasive anti-Spanish sentiments that have been embraced by England to formulate national identity and create a transatlantic empire. Hakluyt is a firm believer of colonization owing to the nationalistic, social, and economic benefits it might bring to England. 1) Rich soil 2) ease of travel 3)Increase Navel Power (build more ships)-larger ships the better 4)make their Navy so strong Of chief concern would be for ''the enlargement of the gospel of Christ,'' in converting the natives to the Anglican religion. 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