A study of minorities as victims. Soc. doi: 10.1016/0022-1031(86)90022-3. Prislin, R., and Christensen, P. N. (2009). Group Process. Finally, different motives may call for different types of social change. ^Examples of minority-instigated social changes, and the literature as a whole, tend to romanticize minority influence (Hewstone and Martin, 2010). The minority influence of the manager challenges those majority-held views, and results in the questioning of dated practices. As nothing stands still, any groups position is only temporary. 117, 497529. To understand social change, it is necessary to study influence efforts as they occur over time, in dynamic exchanges between group factions, which seek to influence for various reasons. 68, 520. Self-organizing social systems: necessary and sufficient conditions for the emergence of consolidation, clustering, and continuing diversity, in Progress in Communication Science: Persuasion. For example, the dynamic social impact model posits the strength, immediacy, and the number of sources of influence as three critical factors (Latan, 1996). 22, 177189. Juliet is in a committed romantic relationship with Romeo, but her parents have forbidden her to date him any longer. Although these actions may include members of both minority groups who are typically disadvantaged and members of majority groups who are typically advantaged, it is almost invariably the former who initiate social actions. His subsequent conversion theory (Moscovici, 1980) focused exclusively on cognitive processes underlying minority vs. majority influence and the resultant nature of attitudinal (not social!) This is not to say that any single influence strategy is associated with any particular single motive; however, the same strategy may be employed differently in service of different motives. Minority influence affects group members differently. Rigidity and minority influence: The influence of the social in social influences, in Perspectives on Minority Influence. Vol. Yet, most studies on social influence, including minority influence, are one-time affairs that examine the effects of single appeals or single group encounters at a discrete point in time. If so, then prolonged experience in the new majority position should be reassuring, facilitating the new majoritys acceptance of the group as their own. 88, 438453. Oxford, UK: Blackwell. At the same time, their behavior style invites an attributional analysis that forces a majority to consider the merits of the minoritys non-normative position. Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. A., Busceme, S., and Blackstone, T. (1994). Minority influence research was sparked by Moscovicis observation about the power of active minorities to instigate social change. Critical thinkingis discouraged, with dissenters being ostracised by the majority. (1986). 83, 10951102. Specifically, a minority faction was created by having most confederates oppose the participants stance on one or more socially important issues; conversely, a majority faction was created by having most confederates support the participants stances. New York: Psychology Press. Soc. The number of members within a group expressing a minority opinion also affects the level of influence that they are able to exert on the remaining members. WebQ#28 minorities influence majority opinion primarily through - The correct answer is b.) This original momentum may subsequently garner greater support and even turn majorities into advocates for change who, in the process of social cryptomnesia, often forget its originators (Mugny and Prez, 1989). Soc. Older generations may still be focused on century-old divisions, but younger Americans are starting to blur them. And even if the Census Bureaus categories reinforce the racial boundaries that too often divide American society, these categories are also starting to show signs of their mutability. Martin, R., and Hewstone, M. The innovative theorizing about active minorities and their effect on the world revitalized research on social influence. When a minority opinion is introduced, people are more Psychol. 31, 595609. eds. Inconsistency, or a difference of opinion amongst members of a minority, can result in other individuals rejecting the view. Rev. About Caporael, L. R., and Baron, R. M. (1997). Minority influence in political decision-making, in Group Consensus and Minority Influence: Implications for Innovation. Psychol. Psychol. One obvious example are elites, though, it could be argued that they represent numerical minorities but not necessarily non-normative minorities. The proposed agenda focuses on time, interactive (minority majority), and motivated influence as critical explanatory variables to address in the next phase of research on minority influence in the pursuit of social change. In doing so, minorities make themselves visibly non-normative, hence, creating a social conflict. Strength from weakness: The fate of opinion minorities in spatially distributed groups, in Understanding Group Behavior. doi: 10.1002/ejsp.388. doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.93.1.23. Changement dattitude, influence minoritaire et courants sociaux [Attitude change, minority influence and social trends]. Am. Worse, we now talk about cross-racial fertility rates Darwinistically, as if the census were monitoring a population of elephant seals in competition for a rookery. doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.88.5.438, Laughlin, P. R., and Ellis, A. L. (1986). (2001). Yet, the prevailing research on minority influence seems to have made it so. M. P. Zanna (New York: Elsevier), 237326. eds. Rev. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.67.1.5, Baumeister, R. F., and Leary, M. R. (1995). The Power of Minorities. doi: 10.1037/a0016169, Prislin, R., Limbert, W. M., and Bauer, E. (2000). Vol. eds. Also, the authors own line of research on group dynamics in the aftermath of social change could be added to this minority category in that its focus on group dynamics is underrepresented in minority influence research (Prislin, 2010; Prislin et al., 2017). Minority Influence: An Agenda for Study of Social Change Sindhi Muslims had a much larger majority of about seventy-4 percent. Minority Influence and Innovation: Antecedents, Processes, and Consequences. Eur. In counting the American people, the Census Bureau may distinguish between Black, white, Asian and Hispanic, but it indiscriminately recognizes them all as fellow Americans as people who count and therefore must be counted. There is no future in which white people disappear from America, but there is also no future in which the understanding of whiteness stays the same. Lest we succumb to the same trap, it is worth remembering that every social change, including those that turned disastrous for the world (e.g., Nazi movement), was originated by a minority. Social Psychology 4th Edition By Tom Gilovich - Test Bank P. van Lange, A. W. Kruglanski, and E. T. Higgins (Los Angeles: Sage), 362378. WebMAJORITY If the minority can get a few people to defect to their side, then this will often create a snowball effect in which more and more people will change their opinion. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.86.6.1191, De Groeve, B., and Rosenfeld, D. L. (2022). Minority influence, in Encyclopedia of Group Processes and Intergroup Relations. Even a cursory analysis of just about any social change reveals that it takes time to alter social relations and social structure within a group. 2, 5158. Klandermans, B. eds. Influence of a consistent minority on the responses of a majority in a color perception task. Whereas most minorities seek social change, they do so for a variety of reasons that originate from a variety of disadvantageous social, economic, and psychological conditions. For example, at what point in time do minorities voice their non-normative opinions? The rise of research on minority influence coincided with the cognitive orientation in social psychology. The social impact of majorities and minorities. Minority sources persuasibility increased over time when their targets increasingly favorable reactions turned them into a majority (minority majority). Social influence in groups, in Group Processes. It cannot be a goal in and of itself. Creative problem-solving as a result of majority vs. minority influence. Majority and minority influence: A single process, in Group Consensus and Minority Influence: Implications for Innovation. In a 1969 study, participants were presented with a number of slides, and were asked to identify the color shown in each slide in the company of other participants. 1. If you're one of the many people who gets stressed out when it comes to taking exams then we have a few tips for you that will help you to overcome this and really concentrating on achieving good grades. Moscovici found that the minority view expressed by the confederates influenced the participants opinions, particularly when the minority was consistent in its opinion (Moscovici et al, 1969). Soc. Imagine that you work for a local animal shelter and your goal is to increase the number of people who are willing to adopt a dog from the shelter. Similarly, reactions to social influence are typically assessed once at a single point in time. Minority Influence - Consistency and Commitment - tutor2u Soc. (1979). Butera, F., Falomir-Pichastor, J. M., Mugny, G., and Quimzdale, A. Differential contributions of majority and minority influence. people should benefit those who benefit them. While standing firm, minorities must also convey a level of open-mindedness in acknowledging others positions to avoid being perceived as rigid (Papastamou and Mugny, 1985). 19, 257276. Our history shows that Americas demographic boundaries evolve with the countrys composition. Minority and majority influence in freely interacting groups: qualitative versus quantitative differences. doi: 10.1177/0146167291175001, Brodbeck, F. C., Kerschreiter, R., Mojzisch, A., and Schulz-Hardt, S. (2007). Clark, R. D. and Maas, A. Elites efforts at influence are likely to be directed toward preserving, not changing, the status quo. Political systems, scientific paradigms, religious dogmas, art movements, and fashion styles are all changed by active minorities who successfully challenge the status quo and offer an alternative (Moscovici and Faucheux, 1972; Moscovici, 1976).
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