A Shi'ite Muslim dynasty that ruled in Persia (Iran and parts of Iraq) from the 16th-18th centuries that had a mixed culture of the Persians, Ottomans and Arabs. The Portuguese Empire was one of the largest and most powerful empires in history, with territories in Africa, Asia, and the Americas at its peak. Following the Meiji Restoration, which ended feudal rule in Japan, the Tokugawa shogunate was deposed in 1868. . . (indirect object), d.o.d.o.d.o. 95 Thesis, posted in 1517, led to religious reform in Germany, denied papal power and absolutist rule. How did the Mughal Empire expand their empire? The most immediate effect on indigenous communities was the massive depopulation caused by disease. The Dynasty produced thriving trade and sea trade. The rivalry eventually popped off as the. A nation's wealth was seen as how much trade they endured and an increase in exports. In an effort to genocide Indigenous culture, Europeans were encouraged to procreate with the Indigenous and African communities. \hline \text { Column 1 } & {10} &{349} \\ (verb), i.o.i.o.i.o. Both groups would experience a, In Russia, the social classes were similar to the rest of Europe, except that they continued to practice serfdom. Sikhism was a persecuted religion under the Mughals and beyond. The Inca Empire is particularly known for its system of quipus, which were knotted cords that were used for record-keeping and communication. This was used to generate revenue to continue the rise of state power and expansion. If a ruler were to have religious tolerance then he can have other rules and restrictions for citizens to follow since they don't need to believe a certain one. Focused on logic rather than just faith (medicine). What were the characteristics of the Songhay Empire? separated people into groups of religions etc. The Ming Dynasty was a Chinese dynasty that ruled China from 1368 to 1644. What were the causes and impacts of the Columbian Exchange? They also expanded trade which enriched the rulers. They are still back seat to the Land Based empires. How did joint-stock companies allow European states to consolidate and maintain power in their colonies? These were empires, and, while each empire was run slightly differently with different systems of administration or taxation or military technology, they were absolute monarchies. Describe the casta system that was a result of the Atlantic trading system. The Mughal Empire was characterized by a period of economic, cultural, and architectural prosperity, and it is regarded as one of India's greatest empires. It was founded in the late 13th century by Turkish tribes who converted to Islam in northwestern Anatolia. Global trade was insanely profitable and new elite classes enjoyed this wealth. Legitimized power over the Chinese since the Manchu were seen as foreigners. It followed the Yuan Dynasty and preceded the Qing Dynasty. \text { Source of } \\ It is a Spanish estate, sometimes could be a plantation, mines, or factories. What are some examples of religious tolerance 1450-1700? What could be done about them? This was an extreme case of class mobility, but is an example of what was possible. Advanced technologies, the finding of the New World, and knowledge of monsoon winds and currents. Most kidnapped slaves were men, which left a gender imbalance in favor of women, especially in Ghana and Benin. As more land was found and Europeans created trading posts in Africa, more Africans were enslaved and more goods were produced. Empires took people for slaves and traded their goods for wealth. After her death, the Portuguese gained control of the region until well 1975. Even into her 60s, Queen Nzinga personally led her troops into battle to protect their land. A trained Ottoman soldier in gunpowder weapons taken as a child and raised Muslim, AP World History Unit 3: Land-Based Empires, AP WORLD Chapter 35: Nationalism and Politica. Africans were kidnapped, often with the help of local rulers, and brought to the New World. The worldwide transformation into a trade-based economy using gold and silver is known as the, -As a result of increased trade and mining, prices also increased across the board. Europeans built empires that stretched across oceans included territories in the Americas, Africa, and Asia. Gunpowder would have violent consequences in the decades to come. Large cultural divide. There were two main joint-stock companies. As large empires started state expansion and centralization as they conquered land that was already home to natives, the natives resisted and fought back. Describe technological diffusions that occurred in the 1450-1750 time period. (Caravanserai protection of trade routes, and an increase in control of those trade routes led to profit for the Ottoman Empire.). Unit 3: Land-Based Empires (1450-1750) Context Practice Instructions: Write a contextual statement for each of the prompts below. How did religion legitimize powers in 1450-1700? Why does it have these characteristics? The Ottoman Empire was a major regional power and had a significant influence on the culture and history of the Middle East. Ottoman Empire, 1919. Music was a key factor for survival in many slave communities. The one thing you need to know about this unit: Lots of territory + diverse populations + external challenges = many different ruling styles, techniques and methods. In 1494, they signed the, The Spanish conquistadors brought down the thriving Aztec and Inca empires within a few decades. Utilization of religious ideas to solidify rule. North New syncretic religions emerged that blended native and colonial traditions. a. Some people have argued "to the victors belong the spoils [riches] of the enemy." African Americans European monarchs were also patrons of artists for the same reason. \hline \text { Groups } & {\text { Count }} &{\text { Average }} \\ The Safavids were patrons of the arts and encouraged the development of a distinct Safavid style of art and architecture. This allowed empires to expand and use the military to take over other empires and conquer land. #traderace. The Inca Empire, also known as the Inka Empire or the Tawantinsuyu, was a South American empire that ruled over a large territory that included parts of modern-day Peru, Ecuador, Chile, Bolivia, Argentina, and Colombia from the 13th to the 16th century. They had a large bureaucracy and had religious freedom but women had no rights. This made the journey more expensive and more dangerous. The, Newtons Laws of Gravitation, Astronomical Charts, Better mapmaking, Astrolabe, Lateen sail, Compass, New ships (caravel, carrack, fluyt), Established Spanish links to Americas and Asia, Harvested cash crops, worked plantations, maintained homes. The Portuguese Empire was distinguished by a strong centralized government and a global trade and colonization network. The languages of Spanish and Portuguese became the dominant languages of the region. How did land based empires consolidate power in this era? This is whats known as the. They took the title "Caliph" to show they were the legitimate successors of Muhammed. A major difference between these two types of empires is that the empires on the left were predominantly land based, meaning most of their power and wealth came from the land. The Tokugawa Shogunate implemented a number of policies that had a lasting impact on Japan, including the sakoku policy, which isolated Japan from the rest of the world and restricted foreign trade and contact. Who were typically indentured servants in this time period and how would that change in the 1750-1900 time period? \hline \text { Column 3 } & {10} & {366} \\ 1. The Qajar dynasty, which followed the Safavids, eventually regained control of the empire and ruled over Iran until the early 20th century. The movement of goods and people had regional consequences. Following the Xinhai Revolution, which ended imperial rule in China, the Qing Empire was dissolved in 1912. The Russian Empire is known for its cultural achievements and its role as a major world power. This was significant because it also was one of the best ships for sea travel and trade in Europe. In the 15th and 16th centuries, the Songhai Empire ruled over a large portion of West Africa. The mit'a system was to build buildings and create roads through an empire. Africa was targeted for labor in the Americas because Indigenous populations were decimated by disease and were able to escape with knowledge of the land and the ability to blend in with other Natives. However, the legacy of the French Empire lives on in the many countries that were influenced by French culture and institutions during this time. Explain how Sikhism developed in relation to the Mughal Empire. A caravel was a European ship that was used to explore the west coast. Bureaucrats called Zamindars were appointed by the emperor to collect taxes based on an individual's land or production. Rulers used a variety of methods to legitimize and consolidate power in land based empires. The empire was also a center of learning and scholarship, with the establishment of several major libraries and the support of scholars and intellectuals. This was the dominant religion in the Indian subcontinent and was the belief system of several land-based empires in India, including the Maurya Empire (321-185 BC) and the Mughal Empire . The Aztec Empire came to an end in the 16th century, when it was conquered by the Spanish conquistadors, led by Hernn Corts. In present-day New Mexico, the entire Pueblo community rebelled against the Spanish for 10 days in 1680. Unit 3: Land-Based Empires (1450-1750) Flashcards | Quizlet Unit 3: Land-Based Empires (1450-1750) 5.0 (5 reviews) Term 1 / 58 Manchu Dynasty (Qing) Click the card to flip Definition 1 / 58 The last imperial dynasty of China. Improved commercial practices led to trade to expand and expand the range of existing trade routes. It reduced threats as other empires saw the money they had. The explosion of the slave trade seriously weakened African kingdoms that had been on the rise before this time. Qing portraits of emperors and high officials meant to impress. During the Inca Empire, the arts, including literature, music, and architecture, flourished. Develop an argument that evaluates the extent to which interactions between societies and cultures affected the institutions of land-based empires in this period. Europeans, after the scientific revolution, were often more advanced with technology and weapons, leading to their dominance in the colony. Forty-Niners While the Columbian Exchange and Columbuss Voyages capture most of the attention between 1450-1750, at the same time, around the world a number of land empires centralized. It also led the European powers to look for a different route to reach Asia, beginning the Age of Exploration. The Songhai Empire was centered in the city of Gao on the Niger River in what is now Mali. Describe European maritime empires: Portuguese. These diseases killed up to 90% of the population. Unit 4: Sea-Based Empires Compariso n 1450-1750 Use Pages 199-205 . The Incan Empire was known for its advanced system of government, which included a well-organized bureaucracy and a strong centralized administration. Methods used by rulers to hold onto power in their empires? Describe indentured servitude. The Mughal Empire ruled over much of the Indian subcontinent at its peak, including modern-day India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and parts of Afghanistan. The decimation of lands and peoples made it difficult to preserve this history. Key Takeaways AP World History Period 2 (1450-1750) The Americas became part of the global trade network, spurred by the Columbian Exchange. Indigenous communities were originally enslaved, but they were not a viable long term plan for free/cheap labor. Many cotton and sugar plantations enslaved Africans.