The researchers also investigated the theory, first raised by scholars at the Anne Frank House in 2016, that the SS discovered the hiding place by chance while searching the warehouse for evidence of illegal work and ration coupon fraud. Titled Anne Frank: A Cold Case Diary, the investigative project was initiated by filmmaker Thijs Bayens and supported through crowd funding. Anne Frank was born in Frankfurt, Germany, but she and her family fled the country and settled in Amsterdam after Adolf Hitler came to power. For more than 20 years, employee Van Maaren was the main suspect. In 2003, Carol Ann Lee came to a different conclusion in her biography of Otto Frank: the culprit was a man named Anton "Tonny" Ahlers, a member of the National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands. In the authors opinion, his mother had an internal conflict that led her to opt for as little attention as possible, practically complete radio silence, from the beginning of the Sixties, he wrote. Her motive for betrayal, according to Mller, was that she did not want to lose her husband too and he would have been deported for aiding the Franks if they were discovered, which she believed was only a matter of time. Per the New York Times Alexandra Jacobs, the team drew on a combination of big data and artificial intelligence analysis, old-fashioned shoe-leather reporting, interviews, and archival research to narrow down the pool of suspects. Among those captured was Anne Frank, a 15-year-old schoolgirl who had spent over two years living in the cramped safehouse with her parents and older sister. Thank you, David Horovitz, Founding Editor of The Times of Israel, 2023 The Times of Israel , All Rights Reserved, Anne Frank, aged 12, at her school desk in Amsterdam, 1941. On a warm August morning in 1944, SS officers stormed into an Amsterdam warehouse and arrested Anne Frank, her parents, her sister and four other Jews who had been hiding in a secret annex at the back of the building. "They were friends. Apparently, the police were called next, because a little while later, they came inside to take a look around. Associate of Anne Frank's Father Suspected of Betrayal Frank wist wie hem weghaalde, De Telegraaf, 22 November 1963. 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Photo collection: Nationaal Archief/ Anefo, access number 2.24.01.04, item number 919-6449. Regardless of whether van den Bergh was the person who informed on the Franks, the ones ultimately responsible for their deathsand those of the more than 100,000 Dutch Jews murdered during the Holocaustwere the Nazis. But despite suspicions, there was no conclusive evidence van Maaren betrayed the family. The note came to authorities' attention during a 1963 investigation into the. For decades, historians have debated who betrayed Anne Frank and her family. Did Willem van Maaren betray the Franks? However, because Anne wrote about Nellys collaboration with the Nazis in the original version of her her diary, the authors proved that Nelly returned to Amsterdam in 1943. Fox on Parkinson's: "Every day it gets tougher". | READ MORE. Brigit Katz is a freelance writer based in Toronto. She added that the people who were helping to hide the Frank family had been looking into the question of how to get this fellow out of the place from every possible angle. Now, about 72 years later, the world may have an answer to the mystery: Maybe nobody betrayed them at all. But Dutch government historians disclosed yesterday that two new theories about who betrayed 15-year-old Jewish schoolgirl Anne Frank to the Nazis in occupied Amsterdam are so compelling that they are reopening their investigations. The house where she and her family hid in a sealed-off room at Prinsengracht 263 in central Amsterdam was turned into a museum in 1960 and receives almost a million visits a year, mainly from the US. The Subdistrict Court dismissed the . Van Dijk was executed after the war for collaborating with the Nazis and betraying dozens of fellow Jews. The evidence that led Pankoke's investigators to their conclusion pointed to the alleged betrayer as much as it ruled out other suspects including some who had previously been the subject of speculation. Did a Jewish Collaborator Betray Anne Frank to the Nazis? - History Last year, the Anne Frank House museum in Amsterdam floated a new theory: Nazi officers who were investigating illegal work and ration fraud at the warehouse accidentally stumbled upon the Jews hiding in the annex. When they returned to the Annex, they found the pages of Anne's diary strewn across the floor, and the duo decided to preserve it for posterity. Wilhelm van Maaren One of the people who has. Her work has appeared in a number of publications, including NYmag.com, Flavorwire and Tina Brown Media's Women in the World. Hermann van Pels hit the ground with an axe, which finally drove them away. You couldn't just do that.". They were successful, and the burglars ran off. Although Joop van Wijks book follows the course of his mothers life, the suspense swirls around his late aunt Nelly, Voskuijls sister. More than 100,000 Dutch Jews - 70 percent of the community - were deported to concentration camps in Germany. Who Betrayed Anne Frank? Part One : r/UnresolvedMysteries - Reddit Now, reports Jon Wertheim for CBS News 60 Minutes, a six-year investigation spearheaded by retired FBI agent Vince Pankoke has pinpointed the likely informant: Arnold van den Bergh, a Jewish notary who may have revealed the Franks hiding place to the Nazis to protect his own family from deportation. The Pankoke team's story was featured in a segment on 60 Minutes earlier this week (see the video at end of this post) and is covered in detail in a new book by Rosemary Sullivan: The Betrayal of Anne Frank: A Cold Case Investigation. According to Gerald Kremer's The Backyard of the Secret Annex, the Guardian reports, the Franks were betrayed by Anna "Ans" van Dijk, a Jewish woman executed in 1948 for her collaboration in. Three days after Frank wrote these wordsthe final entry in her beloved diarySS officers raided her Amsterdam hiding place and arrested its eight inhabitants. The diary was given to Anne on her 13th birthday, just weeks before she and her family went into hiding in Nazi-occupied Amsterdam. Wilhelm van Maaren Wikipedia Republished // WIKI 2 "He may have got money for it. A new book suggests the informant may have been a business associate of Anne's father, the only family member to survive World War II. It probably never will be. "And we went into the city archive and found proof that actually he was 'Aryanized,' so he lost his Jewish identity during the war. As fast as they could, they all fled back to the hiding place. Who Betrayed Anne Frank? - History Incorrect password. Anne received the famous diary on June 12, 1942, for her 13th birthday, around the time the Gestapo began deporting Jews in Amsterdam. Van Maaren fought the accusations and rejected a settlement. Find History on Facebook (Opens in a new window), Find History on Twitter (Opens in a new window), Find History on YouTube (Opens in a new window), Find History on Instagram (Opens in a new window), Find History on TikTok (Opens in a new window), The Betrayal of Anne Frank: A Cold Case Investigation, https://www.history.com/news/who-betrayed-anne-frank. Anne Frank's betrayal: Investigating other suspects In this book, he's much more flesh and blood. That evening, Peter heard sounds from the warehouse. The Amsterdam home where she and her family hid is today a museum known as the Anne Frank House. For decades suspicion centred on a man called Willem Van Maaren, who worked in the warehouse attached to the Franks' hiding place. Nevertheless, researchers do not rule out the potential that Frank and the others were the victims of a betrayal. The men went down with whatever they could use as weapons and Hermann van Pels shouted Police. Who betrayed Anne Frank? Read our affiliate link policy. I think that nobody can judge van den Bergh who has not been in his position, Sullivan tells the Globe and Mail. A New Study Suggests Nobody Did. As he tells Anthony Deutsch and Stephanie van den Berg of Reuters, van den Bergh was a very influential man who couldve avoided deportation for any number of reasons. Willy Lages, head of the Amsterdam Sicherheitsdienst. 2023 Smithsonian Magazine A petty thief and unsavory braggart, Van Maaren was investigated shortly after the war, but nothing was proved. The case. Advertising Notice "The NIWD has never tried to find out who betrayed the Franks but they have contacts which I don't have and know how archives in the Netherlands work. Van Maaren pointed up the stairs, but the police already seemed to know exactly where to go. Still, Ronald Leopold, executive director of the museum, notesthat the new investigation did not refute the possibility that the people in hiding were betrayed, but instead illustrated that other scenarios should also be considered.. Bep Voskuijl was only 18 when she started working for the spice and jam company owned by Otto Frank. ", Photo of Ans van Dijk courtesy of Ben van Meerendonk/IISH. Records discovered in the Dutch national archives by journalist Pieter van Twisk, co-founder of the research project, seemingly corroborated the claim, suggesting that a member of Amsterdams Jewish Council turned over lists of addresses where Jews were hiding. His name was Anton Ahlers. It claims that Ahlers - then a 26-year- old petty thief - had fallen on hard times by 1944 and desperately needed the bounty paid to Dutch civilians who exposed Jews in their midst. Summer of 1933. . It has been translated into 70 languages and inspired a theatrical play and subsequent Oscar-winning 1959 film, featuring Millie Perkins in the title role. Was Anne Frank betrayed? | Anne Frank House Evidence of his involvement was never found. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed. Fifteen-year-old Anne, her sister Margot and her mother Edith died in Nazi concentration camps. Willem van Maaren was one of the warehouse staff. Otto, for his part, never publicly named van den Bergh, who died in 1950, as the informant. 2023, A&E Television Networks, LLC. Jewish Councils were set up in Nazi-controlled cities and pitted members of the Jewish community against one another. The sound might arouse suspicion. In that statement we indicated the need for further research. The key to the mystery proved to be a note sent to Otto Frank shortly after his return to Amsterdam in June 1945. "I think he actually made the call. In analyzing the person who might have tipped off police to the location, the investigators adapted a standard law enforcement axiom in assessing suspects and looked for "knowledge, motive, opportunity." "Sometimes you can go through the same material with fresh eyes. All rights reserved. To discover the traitor, Pankoke assembled his own crack team of dogged investigators. First published in English in 1952 as "The Diary of a Young Girl" and later as a stage play and film, her story made her a symbol both of the Holocaust and of Dutch bravery. Unlike other news outlets, we havent put up a paywall. But soon, it proved she was unable to resolve things that way.. This theory holds that Nellywho returned to Amsterdam in 1943 when her romance souredmay have been the anonymous female caller who (allegedly) tipped off the SS about the Secret Annex, per the testimony of SS officer Karl Josef Silberbauer, who made the arrests. The time will come when we will be people again and not just Jews! display: none; ), Anne Frank HouseWestermarkt 201016 DK Amsterdam. Though the Nazis dissolved the council in September 1943, sending most of its members to concentration and death camps, van den Bergh and his family managed to escape deportationan exemption indicating that the notary had some kind of leverage, according to Pankoke. It's possible, Brock suggested, that there was no betrayal, and the SS raid was really part of ongoing attempts to track down purveyors of illegal goods. The groups hideout was located inside a warehouse he had once owned, and they were aided by several of his employees as well as other Dutch sympathizers. Argumentative Essay: Who Betrayed The Franks | ipl.org At one point, Kugler was prepared to end his marriage in order to move to South America with Voskuijl, but she did not want to wreck their marriage. .component--type-recirculation .item:nth-child(5) { It's been such a long time, and most of the people who knew are dead.". In the years following Nelly Voskuijls death in 2001, Van Wijk attempted to learn more about the relationship between his mother and his aunt from members of the large family. The case. HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate. A long-held theory proposed that a new employee at her fathers business, Willem van Maaren, tipped off the Nazis. Although he heard about Nellys romantic liaisons with Germans while growing up, Van Wijk was never told about his aunts role as a Nazi collaborator. Your Privacy Rights Potential informants ruled out by the group ranged from Willem van Maaren, an oft-cited suspect who worked in the warehouse where the Franks were hiding, to Nelly Voskuijl, a Nazi sympathizer and the sister of Secret Annex helper Bep Vokuijl, to Ans van Dijk, a Jewish collaborator whose actions led to the arrest of some 145 people. It made sense that two people who were constantly in each others vicinity and shared the role of helper of Jews, grew closer, he wrote. But Pankoke said Van Maaren did not hold up as a suspect once investigators examined all the information they found. Multiple people have been suspected of informing the Nazis of the Franks' hiding place, while one theory suggests it may have simply been bad luck. Only when he began research for the book in 2010 was the long-time marketing professional able to locate documents that contradict the family backstory on Nelly. - Jan 22, 2022 10:54 pm UTC. Anne Frank Study Guide: Deaths, Dates, Betrayal, and History - Quizlet All the more so because betrayal was never established beyond a doubt. For example, it is certain that two representatives from whom the helpers bought illegal coupons were arrested for black marketeering. The helpers worked in the office above the warehouse. [T]he list of people who were accused of being involved in the case is too long to include in its entirety, notes the Anne Frank House on its website. One of the reasons his aunt has been overlooked by past investigators, believes Van Wijk, involves his familys darkest secret. Vince Pankoke, who tracked Colombian drug traffickers in recentyears atthe FBI, will lead a multidisciplinary team of experts, among them historians, psychological profilers and police detectives. He stole goods and was generally considered dishonest. Hermann van Pels hit the ground with an axe, which finally drove them away. Throughout the course of the hiding, Bep and Kugler had fallen in love, as Bep later confessed to her sister Diny with red cheeks, wrote Van Wijk. In 1947, Otto Frank and the helpers filed a complaint against him with the political police on suspicion of betrayal. In several investigations after the war, Van Maaren was the prime suspect for the betrayal of Anne Frank; however Van Maaren publicly denied he was responsible. How did Fritz Pfeffer know the Franks? - Atheists for human rights But two police investigations - one immediately after the. In Anne's diary it becomes clear that the Annex occupants also did not trust him. Suddenly, a passer-by used a flashlight to take a look inside. Now, a biographer of Anne Frank has published a new theory which has intrigued the nation and revived a dark chapter in Dutch history - the failure to protect Jewish citizens from the genocidal Nazis. After discovering some of the family's long-held secrets, Van Wijk now believes there is an unsettling reason behind his mother's relative "anonymity" among the helpers. ", By Arthur Max All Rights Reserved. But all ofthe other people who were in hiding, and their collaborators, theyre just as important; theyre just not as famous.. It was very dangerous for the people in hiding, because what could they do if they were discovered? display: block; Privacy Statement #inline-recirc-item--id-a4ef05fe-8c88-11e2-b06b-024c619f5c3d ~ .item:nth-child(5) { All Rights Reserved. We are saved, go on saving us!That is all we can say. (Anne Frank, 11 April 1944. Ed Sheeran plays guitar in court in bid to show he didn't steal Marvin Gaye song Thats why we started the Times of Israel eleven years ago - to provide discerning readers like you with must-read coverage of Israel and the Jewish world. So the team has enlisted the Amsterdam-based data company Xomnia to develop algorithms that will analyze the documents, andperhapsreveal connections that have never been noticed before. In 2022,The Betrayal of Anne Frank: A Cold Case Investigationwhich details the findings of Pankoke's investigationcited Arnold van den Bergh, a Jewish businessman and member of the Jewish Council in Holland, as the culprit. The initial police investigation occurred in 1947, when Otto and the Helpers' repeated complaints to the political police accusing Van Maaren finally prompted an investigation. The book by Carol Ann Lee, a British author living in Amsterdam, says the likely informant was a former business associate of Otto Frank, Anne's father. Cookie Policy Privacy Statement One of the people who has been most often scrutinized as the potential betrayer is Wilhelm van Maaren, a worker in the warehouse building where the Franks hid. Nelly knew that Bep and her father were helping Jews. Magazines, Digital All Rights Reserved. Two Dutch investigations, in 1947-48 and 1963-64, targeted the warehouse manager, Willem van Maaren, but were inconclusive. Anne, who is famous for documenting her time in the Secret Annex in her renowned diary, died of typhus in the spring of 1945 at the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp in Germany. Stockroom manager Willem van Maaren was suspected of the betrayal for many years, although he never sided with the Nazis. At the time of Bep Voskuijls death in 1983, she was the least known of the four Dutch resisters who helped hide Anne Frank. "She was out of town working not close to Amsterdam. Writer Rosemary Sullivan chronicled the painstaking process in a new book, The Betrayal of Anne Frank: A Cold Case Investigation. During the day we always have to walk quietly and speak softly, the people in the warehouse mustnt hear us, Anne wrote in her diary (11 July 1942). Kremer's father was an acquaintance ofVan Dijk in Amsterdam and Kremer writes that in early August 1944, his father overheardVan Dijkspeaking about Prinsengracht, where the Franks were hiding, in Nazi offices. Retired FBI agent has new theory about who betrayed Anne Frank's family Anne, her sister and parents, were caught in the two-story annex with Hermann van Pels, who had worked in Frank's company, with van Pels' wife and teen-age son, and with Friedrich Pfeffer, a dentist. Footsteps on the stairways, people shaking the bookcase. They had come very close to being discovered! Who betrayed the Frank family and why? Historians made no further headway. ", Barnouw told The Associated Press he and another colleague will review old files and testimony for new revelations. Terrified, the people in hiding kept very quiet. Explanations for the discovery are mainly based on testimonies, because no documents about the raid on the Secret Annex have been preserved. Many experts believe that someone alerted Nazi authorities to the hiding place, but the identity of the culprit has never been conclusively determined. Please try again or choose an option below. Ahlers own son endorsed the theory that his father was the culprit, but a subsequent investigation by Dutch authorities found no hard evidence of his involvement. Anne often wrote about good-natured Bep in her diary, including happenings in the large Voskuijl family of eight siblings. Clearly, the museums report concludes, the last word about that fateful summer day in 1944 has not yet been said.. There's no evidence to indicate that he knew who was hiding at any of these addresses, Pankoke tells 60 Minutes. [But] when van den Bergh lost all his series of protections exempting him from having to go to the camps, he had to provide something valuable to the Nazis that he's had contact with to let him and his wife at that time stay safe.. The German-born Frank, who moved to Holland in 1933, ran a spice-trading company that sold goods to the Wehrmacht, the German army. Ars may earn compensation on sales from links on this site. Shortly after World War II ended, Otto Frank suggested that the culprit was Willem van Maaren, a warehouse employee who was not in on the secret. 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