For example, an enemy breaching element will likely have with it some sort of engineer asset designed for clearing obstacles. Lieutenant Colonel King holds a bachelor of arts in sociology from the University of Washington and a masters degree in strategic intelligence from American Military University. essential element Any of a number of elements required by living organisms to ensure normal growth, development, and maintenance. TTPs include battle drills and tactical actions that lend themselves to standardized execution, such as refuel-on-the-move site operations. People is a general term used to describe nonmilitary personnel encountered by military forces. Radiation Laboratory Response Network (RadLRN). Enemies react to every friendly move. The commander and staff must address exceptional information before the operation can continue. What is the status of the affected companies/facilities manufacturing ordistributing animal food/feed and veterinary drugs in the impacted area? These PIR have a short shelf life, usually only lasting a timeframe just before and just after an operation is executed. B-26. This trigger being met will require the commander to implement that decision. Essential Elements of Information (EEIs) are the key pieces of qualitative and quantitative data necessary to develop situational awareness for decision-making. The Forgotten Histories of the Codification of International Humanitarian Law in Nineteenth-Century Latin America, Crafting Strategy for Irregular Warfare: A Framework for Analysis and Action (2nd Edition), South Africas organised crime climbs to Italys levels, racing past Mexico, Somalia and Libya, Opinion | The Foreign Policies of the Sinaloa Cartel and CJNG Part V: Europes Supercoke & on- the-Horizon Issues and the Middle East, Opinion | The Foreign Policies of the Sinaloa Cartel and CJNG Part IV: Europes Cocaine & Meth Markets, Airstrikes, Civilian Casualties, and the Role of JAGs in the Targeting Process, Opinion | The Foreign Policies of the Sinaloa Cartel and CJNG Part III: Africa, The cartels flexed their power in Tijuana and now the battle for influence is on, Organized Crime in Mexico and the Evolving Government Response, Armies are re-learning how to fight in cities. The effects of terrain on operations vary, depending on whether a force is defending or attacking. Is there a threat from vector- borne disease? Enemy commanders do the same. Build rapport with your audience. What is the Federal plan for distribution and allocation of medical supplies to include main and alternate supply points and supporting terminals to be used or considered? B-75. Intelligence professionals must take the time to use these tools effectively. The distinctions between the levels of the cognitive hierarchy are not always clear. Situational understanding includes understanding how the activities of different organizations may affect military operations and how military operations may affect these organizations' activities. Every information system has end users or customers. What activates, operations, transnational organizations, networks, and/or entities within Atropia pose the greatest threat to regional security/stability? It is a continuous process consisting of five phases. And critical replenishment points? Other RI is mission-specific and assets must be specifically tasked to collect it. Essential Elements of Information are project-specific documentation required from the Applicant. This in turn prevents the enemy from successfully breaching the battle positions and ultimately defeats the enemy attacking force. These responsibilities may include providing humanitarian assistance. However, some operations (such as a combined arms breaching operation) require greater control and coordination than others (such as an exploitation). For planning purposes, weather is a shorter-term, but less predictable, phenomenon than climate. U.S. Army Doctrine Reference Publication (ADRP) 5-0, by ICAIE (International Coalition Against Illicit Economies), by Rice University's Baker Institute for Public Policy, by Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime, by Center for International Maritime Security (CIMSEC), by Strategic Perspectives 41, National Defense University, by Geneva Academy of International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights, by C/O Futures Terrorism Research Note Series, by PKSOI (Peacekeepimh and Stability Operations Institute), The Fighting in Sudan is an Armed Conflict: Heres What Law Applies, Are drug cartels 'terrorist organizations'? : Small platoon to company size combat force committed in to one or more of the battalion battle positions. What is current status of potable water within the damaged area? An air force unit might have the following EEI about SA-20 batteries: A medical crisis manager might have the following EEIs:[5]. However, they are only effective when used properly and crafted smartly. Staffs use information from the COP to answer CCIR, including PIRs and FFIR, and to maintain their running estimates. What is the status of Federal health and medical facilities in the affected area? Analysts can shift focus for a short period to shift their attention to specific mission priorities without completely dropping sight of the overarching campaign. Category: Defense Terms. What is the non-NDMS bed status in the affected and surrounding areas, including at-risk population needs? This appendix expands the discussion of information in chapter 3. From this, commanders can determine how organizations and military forces can work together toward common goals when necessary. Descriptive Title and Subheads. Cognition turns information into knowledge. CCIR limit information reported to commanders to information critical to decisionmaking. Always established by an order or plan. Specify the name of report, providing agency, etc. The C2 system collects RI-friendly, enemy, and environmental-and uses it to create the COP. B-32. Status of progress? Many people make the mistake of trying to encompass more than one question into a PIR, When and where will the Donovian commander used his fixing force? This question is asking two distinct things, when will the commander use his forces and where will he use them. It can also change local weather effects by modifying local wind or water pathways. B-68. Exceptional information is-. Part 4 - Specific Information Requirements. It avoids obstacles and contributes to protection of the force by providing adequate maneuver space. (The joint definition of information requirements [IRs] includes only intelligence requirements; the Army definition encompasses all RI.) Essential Elements of Information (EEIs) are the key pieces of qualitative and quantitative data necessary to develop situational awareness for decision-making. However, commanders may determine that they need to know whether one or more of the EEFI have been compromised or that the enemy is collecting against a designated EEFI. Download the Elements of Effective Instruction Self-Assessment The Elements of Effective Instruction framework outlines five intertwined elements of instructional practice that complement and enhance one another. This holds particularly true for civil considerations, where careful preparation can turn parts of civil populations into advantages for friendly forces and disadvantages for enemy forces. Commanders and staffs can recognize relationships among events in the area of interest, discern the way the enemy thinks, and forecast what he might do. Applicable only to the commander who specifies them. Information, in the general sense, is the meaning humans assign to data. It looks like your browser does not have JavaScript enabled. During operations, answers to IRs, especially the CCIR, contribute to assessments of the operation's progress that result in decisions by commanders and staff members. IM begins (at the lower left corner of figure B-2) with questions that the commander and staff need answered to exercise C2. If for example your higher headquarters is concerned about drug trafficking and you know that drugs flow freely through your area of responsibility having a PIR regarding drugs that aligns with your higher headquarters will help to give you a higher priority for collection and analytical support. Radiation Laboratory Response Network (RadLRN) CDC Radionuclide Assay Lab and Health Physicists, Home | Contact Us | Accessibility | Privacy Policies | Disclaimer | HHS Viewers & Players| HHS Plain Language| Vulnerability Disclosure Policy, Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response (ASPR), 200 Independence Ave., SW, Washington, DC 20201, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services | USA.gov| B-35. Data, or information, is the third element of a CBIS. The commander's analysis of observation and fields of fire considers many factors, including the location and effect of dead space. Weather and climate have direct and indirect effects on tactical operations. These questions focus the analytical energy of the organization and provide areas of emphasis for collectors. B-22. What local partners and NGOs are operational in affected areas with the capacity to deliver critical health/safety information to affected individuals/areas, including the at-risk population? Commanders consider available troops and support when analyzing whether they have enough resources to accomplish a mission. Events are routine, cyclical, planned, or spontaneous activities that significantly affect organizations, people, and military operations. The answers the Program Delivery Manager received from the Applicant while asking questions from the Essential Elements of Information questionnaire during the Recovery Scoping Meeting produce documentation requirements in Grants Portal What health services are available? Figure B-3 illustrates the relationships among the cognitive hierarchy, IRs, and CCIR. B-15. In those cases, commanders may designate that question as one of their CCIR, which generates PIR or FFIR. Have environmental radiation measurements been accomplished in the affected area(s)? IPB is critical to analyzing and understanding the effect of terrain on friendly and enemy COAs. An analysis of people should identify them by their various capabilities, needs, and intentions. This important but often overlooked aspect of the PIR can help the collection manager to properly assign collectors. Also called EEIs. In the context of information management, the six factors of METT-TC-mission, enemy, terrain and weather, troops and support available, time available, and civil considerations-make up the major subject categories into which relevant information is grouped for military operations. The GMTI indicates that a company size formation is moving towards 3-21IN and 1-5INs positions and a larger battalion size element is moving towards 1-24INs position. Terrain adjacent to the AO may be key if its control is necessary to accomplish the mission. Troops using valleys as avenues of approach must control the adjacent ridges to protect their movement. collection by Area of Intelligence Responsibility (AOIR), processing, exploitation and dissemination (PED), analysis, and intelligence synchronization. What staging areas are being used by Federal responders? Examples of events precipitated by military forces include combat operations, deployments, redeployments, and paydays. B-29. Civil considerations generally focus on the immediate impact of civilians on operations in progress; however, they also include larger, long-term diplomatic, informational, and economic issues at higher levels. What plan is in place to gather baseline behavioral health data on deploying HHS personnel? This is, in part, because parts of it are covered under hardware. A CBIS may use a single computer or thousands. As both processed data (information) and analyzed and evaluated information (knowledge) about the enemy and environment, intelligence is crucial to commanders' achieving situational understanding. Addressing the problems posed by change requires considerable time and resources. Large amounts of RI are collected as a routine part of operations. Strategic intelligence is information that is needed to formulate policy and military plans at the international and national policy levels. Has CDC been alerted to deploy for human bioassay, contamination/dose assessment, and consultation in victim decontamination? COP-related information is grouped into the major subject categories of METT-TC. Having campaign PIR however, in no way prevents the analyst from bringing forth a topic not covered by them. Has response included the preparation and distribution strategy for safety messages in print, alternative formats and PSAs for radio and/or TV, including use of sign language interpreters and other non-English languages (e.g., food and water safety consumption and contamination, guidelines for decontamination etc.). Which results in the Brigade commander executing the decision to commit the reinforcing element to 1-24INs position. During planning, CCIR are established by WARNO. The terrain has a direct impact on selecting objectives; location, movement, and control of forces; effectiveness of weapons and other systems; and protective measures. The Incident Specific EEIs are designed to provide the Incident Manager (IM) situational awareness of the incident. The host nation or other nations might provide these resources and services. Commanders evaluate their observation capabilities for electronic and optical line-of-sight surveillance systems, as well as for unaided visual observation. This is information that helps to coordinate what type of collection asset would best be able to collect the information needed to answer the PIR. That is because the requirement for it was not identified beforehand or the situation that produced it is completely unanticipated. B-66. A thorough understanding of why the unit is conducting an operation provides the focus for planning. ART 6.11.1.1 Identify Essential Elements of Friendly Information ART 6.11.1.1 Identify Essential Elements of Friendly Information Identify friendly vulnerabilities that are. collection by Area of Intelligence Responsibility (AOIR), processing, exploitation and dissemination. The SIR is where the analyst can identify those requirements. The answer to this PIR ends up being, the Donovian commander will commit his breach against 1-24INs battle positions. It can be used to avoid threats, acquire targets, or take other immediate actions. B-50. (or what percentage of the population can be covered?). Effective commanders use weather and climate to their advantage. An immediate priority for command and staff action. Infographics simplify lengthy or complex data by presenting it into a visually pleasing package. You may be trying to access this site from a secured browser on the server. B-13. This is not true. Failure to consider key civilian areas can seriously affect the success of any operation. Habitual relationships in task organization also save preparation time. : Will the Donovian commander commit his breaching force against 3-21IN in Siberian Ridge? This can be done by asking about their business (e.g., a new product launch or announcement). Are there any plans for evacuation? The second step of intelligence preparation of the battlefield (IPB) helps commanders with this complex task. Have essential services been restored to them? Unexpected, unplanned, and situation-dependent. In order to focus the intelligence enterprise, the MIB (T) and the G2 use Priority Intelligence Requirements (PIR) as its main driver to focus the intelligence apparatus. EEFI answer the question, How can I (the commander) prevent the enemy force from seeing me? There can be many different kinds of people living and operating in and around an AO. What is the status of deploying personnel physical and mental health screening and availability of crisis counseling, vaccinations, immunizations, and other drug preventatives that may be needed? It also depends on how much time is usable; for example, for some activities, hours of darkness are useable time, while for others they are not. It is always the first factor commanders consider during decisionmaking. Essential nutrients are compounds that the body can't make or can't make in sufficient quantity. Each level of information has a different value in supporting command and control (C2). Because the ASCC has a larger footprint to support than a maneuver Division ACE, a PIR-driven analytical process is critical in order to manage the organizational resources throughout the depth of the Area of Operations (AO). IRs must be related to the unit mission; unfocused requests may provide plenty of data, but not much RI. (See figure B-1.) Assessment of Public Health/Medical Needs, What is the status of critical infrastructure in the affected area(s) (i.e. The human body on the left uses the same . In fact, having both campaign PIR which are enduring questions that must be tracked for an extended period of time and mission specific PIR which only pertain to one specific operation is important to ensuring the right people get the right intelligence. ESF #8 Pre-Scripted Mission Assignments (PSMAs), Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Once the Priority Intelligence Requirement has been broken down into its component parts and the collection assets have been assigned to collect against the requirement the organization can begin the process of answering the PIR. Often, the exceptional information itself presents a decision the commander must make. They are crafted as described above in order to assist the analyst in supporting the commanders decision making. Commanders carefully weigh the expected military benefits against costs to the community that will have to be addressed in the future. Information requirements are all information elements the commander and staff require to successfully conduct operations; that is, all elements necessary to address the factors of METT-TC. Increasing assets in one area may compensate for a shortage of assets in another. B-54. An information system can have internal as well as external. They focus on the ones most relevant to the situation. The answering of this PIR causes the triggering of a Decision Point. Does it include at-risk needs? The C2 system cannot reduce judgment to procedures or rules. A more appropriate way to ask the question is, How will the Donovian commander use his fixing forces? As will be illustrated in the later sections of this piece, answering this question as apposed to the previous one can provide more detailed insights into the enemy commanders thought process and can trigger the blue force commander to make a decision. They can anticipate the consequences of both their own force's actions and the enemy's. An avenue of approach is categorized by the size and type of force that can use it, for example, a dismounted infantry company, an armored division, or an attack-helicopter company. Weather affects the condition and capabilities of soldiers and weapon systems, including, trafficability, visibility, obstacle emplacement times, and munitions performance. Commanders analyze their forces for weaknesses and vulnerabilities that enemies might exploit, and act to counter them. He has written several articles forSmall Wars Journalon a wide range of subjects. Has a Joint Field Office been established? This understanding allows subordinates to identify and recognize information needed to answer CCIR. Therefore, commanders and ASCC G2s must ensure an optimized intelligence enterprise by preserving and stewarding intelligence capabilities as well as the intelligence core tasks (e.g. (See paragraphs B-68-B-72.) 1. Operations also often require commanders to coordinate with international organizations and NGOs. A JSTARS is flying in support and will provide queuing for the Shadow to transition it between the two battle positions depending on the size of the formation identified by the GMTI tracks. Relevant Information Production and Flow. The world's increasing urbanization means that the attitudes and activities of the civilian population in the AO often influence the outcome of military operations. Please turn on JavaScript and try again. B-73. Observation and Fields of Fire. You want readers to know what they're looking at right away by including a descriptive title and subheads, like the ones . Have essential services been restored? Other organizations may come from outside the AO. Would an overhead satellite image effectively answer the question or do you need Ground Moving Target Indicators (GMTI) because the PIR can only be answered by the detection of movement? The fourth element of CBIS, procedures are the rules, descriptions and instructions for how things are done. Scholars have divided the study of geography into six parts called "The Six Essential Elements of Geography." A geographically informed person knows: 1. Commanders apply the final judgments, but effective IM provides knowledge and information in forms that make it easy to assimilate and understand. For example, a commander may determine that if the enemy discovers the location and movement of the friendly reserve, the operation is at risk. These changes cause stress in the civilian population and its leaders. : This is the overarching question that needs to be answered. Keeping this focus demands vision on the part of the commander and understanding of the commander's intent and CCIR by subordinates. What is the status of providers? This list of Essential Elements of Information (EEI) can be used as a guide for emergency medical planners and responders. Technology must display RI about enemy forces and significant aspects of the environment within the same digital frame of reference as friendly force information. The analyst must know what information to look for, in this example the analyst must know what a fixing force is, what a fixing force typically is comprised of, and how the enemy deploys a fixing force either by their doctrine or by knowing how the enemy they are up against has used them in the past. A specific set of EEIs are used by collectors to develop a collection plan to find the answers to the questions in the EEIs. Are there any environmental health risks? Using a structure for military purposes often competes with civilian requirements for it. The six most common elements of life on Earth (including more than 97% of the mass of a human body) are carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, sulphur and phosphorus. What behavioral health services are available and where? Standard supporting plans, such as rear area security plans, are a form of TTP. Most Military Intelligence Brigades, Theater [MIB (T)] have an Analytical Control Element (ACE) and Collection Battalion supporting the Army Service Component Command (ASCC). Transmitted directly to the commander as quickly as possible by whatever means are immediately available. To visualize enemy forces, commanders need detailed intelligence, such as, speed of advance, tempo, and strengths and weaknesses. The staff allocates resources first to answer CCIR, then to PIRs and FFIR, and only then to the remaining IRs. These questions become IRs. Are health care and social service providers experiencing/expecting workforce attrition? CCIR are-. and movement into definitive care (hospitals)? Some aspects of the civilian infrastructure, such as the location of toxic industrial materials, may influence operations. B-21. If yes, what are the gaps to be filled by federal resources? Examples of good PIR include: Where will the Donovian commander commit his breaching force? How will the Donovians use chemical weapons? Most non-intelligence soldiers only ever see this part of the equation. Figure 2. Some organizations may be indigenous to the area. Information forms the basis of the COP. Is DOD assistance available to providemedical surge capability support? Effective use of terrain diminishes the effects of enemy fires, increases the effects of friendly fires, and facilitates surprise. In this example the EEIs for this PIR would look something like, Will the Donovian commander use his fixing force against Alpha Company in Granite pass? or Will the Donovian commander use his fixing force against Charlie Company in the Central Corridor?. Because processing involves rote application of procedures, machines can process many types of data more quickly and efficiently than people. You can record yourself speaking in class to measure your cadence, and adjust. This requires the commander and subordinate commanders to share an accurate situational understanding. Instructions for Completion of ESF #8 Essential Elements of Information (EEI) Worksheet for Radiological Dispersal Device (RDD) Response Prior to distributing the ICP, the Information Cell should select the EEIs that are to be collected for the Operating Period specified. January 5, 2017. COMMANDER'S CRITICAL INFORMATION REQUIREMENTS. Once all the EEIs of a given Priority Intelligence Requirement have been confirmed the analyst can confidently state that a PIR has been answered. B-60. (2014). They also consider time with respect to the enemy: time available is always related to the enemy's ability to plan, prepare, and execute operations, and react effectively to friendly actions. Include a Call-to-Action (CTA) How to Make The Most of a Welcome Email (3 Tips) 1. In computer-based information systems, procedures are frequently covered in instruction or user manuals that describe how to use the hardware, software and data. Terrain is normally analyzed using the five military aspects of terrain, expressed in the memory aid, OAKOC: Commanders consider all five aspects when analyzing terrain. B-61. However, it is important to realize that they exist. All the essential topics in information theory are covered in detail, including . B-23. Commanders consider the effects of their decisions and their forces' actions on public opinion. The enemy, terrain and weather, and civil consideration contributions to the COP come from many sources, including intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) assets and combat information. B-17. B-6. Commanders also consider the consequences of using it. Cognition is primarily a human mental activity. However some operations require achieving unity of effort between them and the force. What is the hospital surge capacity in the anticipated path of the storm? What damage has occurred in the affected area (including injuries/fatalities)? These situations require commanders to influence the leaders of these organizations through persuasion. These include supplies and support available from joint, multinational, and interagency forces. 52 likes, 5 comments - finekigali_tours & Adventures (@finekigali) on Instagram: "Nyandungu Urban Wetland Ecotourism park is a 120 hectares of surface area, Rwandan . Knowledge, including aspects of running estimates, can often be represented on displays of the COP. Until data is processed, it is often difficult to tell if it is relevant. Commanders have only a limited ability to influence them, although terrain includes manmade structures, such as roads and cities. B-53. Small Wars Journal is published by Small Wars Foundation - a 501(c)(3) non-profit corporation. It also tells the higher headquarters that helping you answer your PIR helps them answer theirs potentially making them more willing to assist you. From the Collection Battalion to the Army Service Component Command (ASCC), PIR (and the analysis that goes into answering them) are one the most important tasks of the Intelligence enterprise. What measures are State and local officials taking to accommodate inbound relief traffic in light of possible evacuation route (counter flow)? What behavioral health assets can HHS OPDIVs and ESF#8 partners roster and deploy as necessary after landfall? B-70. All-hazard Public Health and Medical Consultation, Technical Assistance and Support. If integration did not occur, commanders would be overwhelmed by bits of data or overloaded by a staggering number of factors. EEIs, or measures of situation awareness work the same way as quality control measures work on a process. Planners consider climate with longer-range plans, while most tactical planning considers weather. As depicted in Figure 1 each subsequent part of the PIR forms a subset of the part before it. The source used by the data collector. How long will surveillance efforts continue to monitor the rate of psychiatric illnesses in the affected areas? B-27. It gathers, organizes and manipulates data and carries out instructions. During the Recovery Scoping Meeting, the Program Delivery Manager discusses Essential Elements of Information with the Applicant. B-45. As commanders allocate tasks and resources to subordinates, they ensure their decisions support the decisive operation and the higher commander's intent. This is no more important than at the theater or ASCC level. CCIR and IR are the categories used to prioritize collection asset allocation and information processing within the C2 system. Others-such as, churches, mosques, national libraries, and hospitals-are cultural sites that international law or other agreements generally protect. What is the plan for behavioral health surveillance of assets deployed by HHS for ESF#8 missions?
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